اتفاق باريس

اتفاق باريس

d Paris Agreement

الدخول حيز التنفيذ : 4 نوفمبر 2016 ، وفقًا للمادة 21 (1). يدخل الاتفاق حيز التنفيذ في اليوم الثلاثين بعد التاريخ الذي قام فيه ما لا يقل عن 55 من الأطراف في الاتفاقية التي تمثل ما لا يقل عن 55 في المائة من إجمالي انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة العالمية بإيداع وثائق التصديق أو القبول أو الموافقة أو انضمام.

تسجيل : 4 نوفمبر 2016 ، رقم 54113

حالة : الموقعون: 195 الأطراف: 195

Participant	Signature	Ratification, Acceptance(A), Approval(AA), Accession(a)
Afghanistan	22 Apr 2016	15 Feb 2017
Albania	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Algeria	22 Apr 2016	20 Oct 2016
Andorra	22 Apr 2016	24 Mar 2017
Angola	22 Apr 2016	16 Nov 2020
Antigua and Barbuda	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Argentina	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Armenia	20 Sep 2016	23 Mar 2017
Australia	22 Apr 2016	9 Nov 2016
Austria	22 Apr 2016	5 Oct 2016
Azerbaijan	22 Apr 2016	9 Jan 2017
Bahamas	22 Apr 2016	22 Aug 2016
Bahrain	22 Apr 2016	23 Dec 2016
Bangladesh	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Barbados	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
Belarus	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016 A
Belgium	22 Apr 2016	6 Apr 2017
Belize	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
Benin	22 Apr 2016	31 Oct 2016
Bhutan	22 Apr 2016	19 Sep 2017
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	22 Apr 2016	5 Oct 2016
Bosnia and Herzegovina	22 Apr 2016	16 Mar 2017
Botswana	22 Apr 2016	11 Nov 2016
Brazil	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Brunei Darussalam	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Bulgaria	22 Apr 2016	29 Nov 2016
Burkina Faso	22 Apr 2016	11 Nov 2016
Burundi	22 Apr 2016	17 Jan 2018
Cabo Verde	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2017
Cambodia	22 Apr 2016	6 Feb 2017
Cameroon	22 Apr 2016	29 Jul 2016
Canada	22 Apr 2016	5 Oct 2016
Central African Republic	22 Apr 2016	11 Oct 2016
Chad	22 Apr 2016	12 Jan 2017
Chile	20 Sep 2016	10 Feb 2017
China	22 Apr 2016	3 Sep 2016
Colombia	22 Apr 2016	12 Jul 2018
Comoros	22 Apr 2016	23 Nov 2016
Congo	22 Apr 2016	21 Apr 2017
Cook Islands	24 Jun 2016	1 Sep 2016
Costa Rica	22 Apr 2016	13 Oct 2016
Côte d’Ivoire	22 Apr 2016	25 Oct 2016
Croatia	22 Apr 2016	24 May 2017
Cuba	22 Apr 2016	28 Dec 2016
Cyprus	22 Apr 2016	4 Jan 2017
Czech Republic	22 Apr 2016	5 Oct 2017
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea	22 Apr 2016	1 Aug 2016
Democratic Republic of the Congo	22 Apr 2016	13 Dec 2017
Denmark 1	22 Apr 2016	1 Nov 2016 AA
Djibouti	22 Apr 2016	11 Nov 2016
Dominica	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Dominican Republic	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2017
Ecuador	26 Jul 2016	20 Sep 2017
Egypt	22 Apr 2016	29 Jun 2017
El Salvador	22 Apr 2016	27 Mar 2017
Equatorial Guinea	22 Apr 2016	30 Oct 2018
Eritrea	22 Apr 2016	7 Feb 2023
Estonia	22 Apr 2016	4 Nov 2016
Eswatini	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Ethiopia	22 Apr 2016	9 Mar 2017
European Union	22 Apr 2016	5 Oct 2016
Fiji	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
Finland	22 Apr 2016	14 Nov 2016
France	22 Apr 2016	5 Oct 2016
Gabon	22 Apr 2016	2 Nov 2016
Gambia	26 Apr 2016	7 Nov 2016
Georgia	22 Apr 2016	8 May 2017 AA
Germany	22 Apr 2016	5 Oct 2016
Ghana	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Greece	22 Apr 2016	14 Oct 2016
Grenada	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
Guatemala	22 Apr 2016	25 Jan 2017
Guinea	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Guinea-Bissau	22 Apr 2016	22 Oct 2018
Guyana	22 Apr 2016	20 May 2016
Haiti	22 Apr 2016	31 Jul 2017
Holy See		4 Sep 2022 a
Honduras	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Hungary	22 Apr 2016	5 Oct 2016
Iceland	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016 A
India	22 Apr 2016	2 Oct 2016
Indonesia	22 Apr 2016	31 Oct 2016
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	22 Apr 2016
Iraq	8 Dec 2016	1 Nov 2021
Ireland	22 Apr 2016	4 Nov 2016
Israel	22 Apr 2016	22 Nov 2016
Italy	22 Apr 2016	11 Nov 2016
Jamaica	22 Apr 2016	10 Apr 2017
Japan	22 Apr 2016	8 Nov 2016 A
Jordan	22 Apr 2016	4 Nov 2016
Kazakhstan	2 Aug 2016	6 Dec 2016
Kenya	22 Apr 2016	28 Dec 2016
Kiribati	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Kuwait	22 Apr 2016	23 Apr 2018
Kyrgyzstan	21 Sep 2016	18 Feb 2020
Lao People’s Democratic Republic	22 Apr 2016	7 Sep 2016
Latvia	22 Apr 2016	16 Mar 2017
Lebanon	22 Apr 2016	5 Feb 2020
Lesotho	22 Apr 2016	20 Jan 2017
Liberia	22 Apr 2016	27 Aug 2018
Libya	22 Apr 2016
Liechtenstein	22 Apr 2016	20 Sep 2017
Lithuania	22 Apr 2016	2 Feb 2017
Luxembourg	22 Apr 2016	4 Nov 2016
Madagascar	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Malawi	20 Sep 2016	29 Jun 2017
Malaysia	22 Apr 2016	16 Nov 2016
Maldives	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
Mali	22 Apr 2016	23 Sep 2016
Malta	22 Apr 2016	5 Oct 2016
Marshall Islands	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
Mauritania	22 Apr 2016	27 Feb 2017
Mauritius	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
Mexico	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Micronesia (Federated States of)	22 Apr 2016	15 Sep 2016
Monaco	22 Apr 2016	24 Oct 2016
Mongolia	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Montenegro	22 Apr 2016	20 Dec 2017
Morocco	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Mozambique	22 Apr 2016	4 Jun 2018
Myanmar	22 Apr 2016	19 Sep 2017
Namibia	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Nauru	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
Nepal	22 Apr 2016	5 Oct 2016
Netherlands (Kingdom of the) 2	22 Apr 2016	28 Jul 2017 A
New Zealand 3	22 Apr 2016	4 Oct 2016
Nicaragua		23 Oct 2017 a
Niger	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Nigeria	22 Sep 2016	16 May 2017
Niue	28 Oct 2016	28 Oct 2016
North Macedonia	22 Apr 2016	9 Jan 2018
Norway	22 Apr 2016	20 Jun 2016
Oman	22 Apr 2016	22 May 2019
Pakistan	22 Apr 2016	10 Nov 2016
Palau	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
Panama	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Papua New Guinea	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Paraguay	22 Apr 2016	14 Oct 2016
Peru	22 Apr 2016	25 Jul 2016
Philippines	22 Apr 2016	23 Mar 2017
Poland	22 Apr 2016	7 Oct 2016
Portugal	22 Apr 2016	5 Oct 2016
Qatar	22 Apr 2016	23 Jun 2017
Republic of Korea	22 Apr 2016	3 Nov 2016
Republic of Moldova	21 Sep 2016	20 Jun 2017
Romania	22 Apr 2016	1 Jun 2017
Russian Federation	22 Apr 2016	7 Oct 2019 A
Rwanda	22 Apr 2016	6 Oct 2016
Samoa	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
San Marino	22 Apr 2016	26 Sep 2018
Sao Tome and Principe	22 Apr 2016	2 Nov 2016
Saudi Arabia	3 Nov 2016	3 Nov 2016
Senegal	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Serbia	22 Apr 2016	25 Jul 2017
Seychelles	25 Apr 2016	29 Apr 2016
Sierra Leone	22 Sep 2016	1 Nov 2016
Singapore	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Slovakia	22 Apr 2016	5 Oct 2016
Slovenia	22 Apr 2016	16 Dec 2016
Solomon Islands	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Somalia	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
South Africa	22 Apr 2016	1 Nov 2016
South Sudan	22 Apr 2016	23 Feb 2021
Spain	22 Apr 2016	12 Jan 2017
Sri Lanka	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
St. Kitts and Nevis	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
St. Lucia	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	22 Apr 2016	29 Jun 2016
State of Palestine	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
Sudan	22 Apr 2016	2 Aug 2017
Suriname	22 Apr 2016	13 Feb 2019
Sweden	22 Apr 2016	13 Oct 2016
Switzerland	22 Apr 2016	6 Oct 2017
Syrian Arab Republic		13 Nov 2017 a
Tajikistan	22 Apr 2016	22 Mar 2017
Thailand	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Timor-Leste	22 Apr 2016	16 Aug 2017
Togo	19 Sep 2016	28 Jun 2017
Tonga	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Trinidad and Tobago	22 Apr 2016	22 Feb 2018
Tunisia	22 Apr 2016	10 Feb 2017
Türkiye	22 Apr 2016	11 Oct 2021
Turkmenistan	23 Sep 2016	20 Oct 2016
Tuvalu	22 Apr 2016	22 Apr 2016
Uganda	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Ukraine	22 Apr 2016	19 Sep 2016
United Arab Emirates	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016 A
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 4, 5	22 Apr 2016	18 Nov 2016
United Republic of Tanzania	22 Apr 2016	18 May 2018
United States of America 6	22 Apr 2016	20 Jan 2021 A
Uruguay	22 Apr 2016	19 Oct 2016
Uzbekistan	19 Apr 2017	9 Nov 2018
Vanuatu	22 Apr 2016	21 Sep 2016
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	22 Apr 2016	21 Jul 2017
Viet Nam	22 Apr 2016	3 Nov 2016 AA
Yemen	23 Sep 2016
Zambia	20 Sep 2016	9 Dec 2016
Zimbabwe	22 Apr 2016	7 Aug 2017

Declarations

(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations were made upon ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.)

Belgium Declaration made upon signature:        “This signature engages also the Walloon Region, the Flemish Region and the Brussels-Capital Region.”

Bulgaria Declaration:        “The Republic of Bulgaria recognizes that in accordance with Article 9, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement developed country Parties shall provide financial resources to assist developing country Parties with respect to both mitigation and adaptation in continuation of their existing obligations under the Convention. In this context the Republic of Bulgaria notes that as a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Bulgaria is not included in Annex II.”

China Declaration:        In accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, the Government of the People’s Republic of China decides that the Agreement applies to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China.

Cook Islands Declaration:        The Government of the Cook Islands declares its understanding that acceptance of the Paris Agreement and its application shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and that no provision in the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to the impacts of climate change.        The Government of the Cook Islands further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emissions reduction obligations in the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent a global temperature stabilisation level at or above 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels and as a consequence, such emissions will have severe implications for our national interests.

European Union Declaration:        “Declaration by the Union made in accordance with Article 20(3) of the Paris Agreement        The following States are at present Members of the European Union: the Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Estonia, Ireland, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, the Republic of Croatia, the Italian Republic, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Poland, the Portuguese Republic, Romania, the Republic of Slovenia, the Slovak Republic, the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.        The European Union declares that, in accordance with the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 191 and Article 192(1) thereof, it is competent to enter into international agreements, and to implement the obligations resulting therefrom, which contribute to the pursuit of the following objectives:        –  preserving, protecting and improving the quality of the environment;        –  protecting human health;        –  prudent and rational utilisation of natural resources;        –  promoting measures at international level to deal with regional or worldwide environmental problems, and in particular combating climate change.        …        The European Union will continue to provide information, on a regular basis on any substantial modifications in the extent of its competence, in accordance with Article 20(3) of the Agreement.”

Holy See        “By acceding to the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in the name and on behalf of Vatican City State, the Holy See intends to contribute to the efforts of all States to work together in solidarity, in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in an effective response to the challenges posed by climate change to humankind and to our common home.        In light of the territorial nature of the obligations set forth in the Paris Agreement, the Holy See declares, for the avoidance of doubt, that in acceding to the Agreement only in the name and on behalf of Vatican City State it commits itself to apply its provisions exclusively within the Territory of the Vatican City State, as circumscribed by the Leonine Walls.        The Holy See, in conformity with its particular mission, reiterates, on behalf of Vatican City State, its position regarding the term ‘gender’ used in the Preamble (PP11) and articles 7.5 and 11.2 of the Paris Agreement. The Holy See underlines that any reference to ‘gender’ and related terms in any document that has been or that will be adopted by the Conference of State Parties or by its subsidiary bodies is to be understood as grounded on the biological sexual identity that is male and female.        The Holy See upholds and promotes a holistic and integrated approach that is firmly centered on the human dignity and integral development of every person.”

India Declaration:        “The Government of India declares its understanding that, as per its national laws; keeping in view its development agenda, particularly the eradication of poverty and provision of basic needs for all its citizens, coupled with its commitment to following the low carbon path to progress, and on the assumption of unencumbered availability of cleaner sources of energy and technologies and financial resources from around the world; and based on a fair and ambitious assessment of global commitment to combating climate change, it is ratifying the Paris Agreement.”

Marshall Islands Declaration:        “…the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands declares its understanding that ratification of the Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under any other laws, including international law, and the communication depositing the Republic’s instrument of ratification shall include a declaration to this effect for international record;        FURTHERMORE, the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands declares that, in light of best scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emission reduction obligations in Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol, the Doha Amendment and the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent global temperature increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-Industrial levels and as a consequence, will have severe implications for our national interests…”

Mexico Interpretative declaration:        … in accordance with their national legal framework, and in consideration of the best and most up-to-date scientific information available and incorporated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the United Mexican States understands greenhouse gas emissions to mean the release into the atmosphere of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors and aerosols into the atmosphere, including, where applicable, greenhouse compounds, within a specific area and during a specific period of time.

Micronesia (Federated States of) Declaration:        “The Government of the Federated States of Micronesia declares its understanding that its ratification of the Paris Agreement does not constitute a renunciation of any rights of the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change, and that no provision in the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation and liability due to the adverse effects of climate change; and        The Government of the Federated States of Micronesia further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessments on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emission reduction obligations in the Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent a global temperature increase above 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels, and as a consequence, such emissions will have severe implications for the national interests of the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia.”

Nauru Declaration:        “… the Government, of Nauru declares its understanding that the ratification of the Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility [for] the adverse effects of climate change.        FURTHER, the Government of Nauru declares that no provisions in the Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law.        AND FURTHER, the Government of Nauru declares its understanding that Article 8 and decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 51 in no way limits the ability of Parties to UNFCCC or the Agreement to raise, discuss, or address any present or future concerns regarding the issues of liability and compensation.        The Republic of Nauru put forth its concern intended to recognize and acknowledge its national interest…”

Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Declaration:        “The Kingdom of the Netherlands, for the European part of the Netherlands, declares in accordance with Article 14, paragraph 2, of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in conjunction with Article 24 of the Paris Agreement, that it accepts both means of dispute settlement referred to in that paragraph as compulsory in relation to any Party accepting one or both means of dispute settlement.”

Niue Declaration:        “The Government of Niue declares its understanding that acceptance of the Paris Agreement and its application shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and that no provision in the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to the impacts of climate change.        The Government of Niue further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emissions reduction obligations in the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent a global temperature stabilisation level at or above 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels and as a consequence, such emissions will have severe implications for our national interests.”

Philippines Declaration:        “THAT it is the understanding of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines that its accession to and the implementation of the Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of rights under any local and international laws or treaties, including those concerning State responsibility for loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change;        THAT, the accession to and implementation of the Paris Agreement by the Republic of the Philippines is for the purpose of supporting the country’s national development objectives and priorities such as sustainable industrial development, the eradication of poverty and provision of basic needs, and securing social and climate justice and energy security for all its citizens.”

Poland Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:        “The Government of the Republic of Poland recognizes that under Article 9 paragraph 1 of the Paris Agreement developed country Parties shall provide financial resources to assist developing country Parties with respect to both mitigation and adaptation in continuation of their existing obligations under the Convention. In this context the Government of the Republic of Poland notes that Poland is a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change not included in Annex II.”

Russian Federation Declaration:        1. The Russian Federation recognizes that, in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 9 of the Agreement, developed country Parties shall provide financial resources to assist developing country Parties with respect to both mitigation of climate change and adaptation to it in continuation of their existing obligations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 9 May 1992 (hereinafter referred to as “the Convention”). In this context, the Russian Federation notes that as a Party to the Convention the Russian Federation is not included in Annex II to the Convention.        2. The Russian Federation proceeds from the importance of conservation and enhancement of absorbing capacity of forests and other ecosystems, as well as from the necessity of the maximum possible account of this capacity including in the implementation of the Agreement’s mechanisms.        3. The Russian Federation considers unacceptable the use of the Agreement and its mechanisms as tools to create barriers to sustainable social and economic development of the Parties to the Convention.

Solomon Islands Declaration:        “… the Government of Solomon Islands declares its understanding that acceptance of the aforesaid Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change;        FURTHER, that the Government of Solomon Islands declares that no provision in this Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to impacts of climate change;        AND that the Government of Solomon Islands declares that the low ambition of the Paris Agreement and its adequacy to stabilize global temperature to safe level of below 1.5 degree Celsius, such emissions will have severe impacts and undermining our sustainable development efforts…”

Spain Declaration:        In the case where this Agreement is ratified by the United Kingdom and its application extended to the territory of Gibraltar, Spain wishes to make the following declaration:        1. Gibraltar is a non-autonomous territory whose international relations come under the responsibility of the United Kingdom and which is subject to a decolonisation process in accordance with the relevant decisions and resolutions of the General Assembly of the United Nations.        2. The authorities of Gibraltar have a local character and exercise exclusively internal competences which have their origin and their foundation in the distribution and attribution of competences performed by the United Kingdom in compliance with its internal legislation, in its capacity as sovereign State on which the mentioned non-autonomous territory depends.        3. As a result, the eventual participation of authorities of Gibraltar in the application of this Agreement will be understood as carried out exclusively as part of the internal competences of Gibraltar and cannot be considered to modify in any way what was established in the two previous paragraphs.        4. The application of this Agreement to Gibraltar cannot be interpreted as an recognition of any rights or situations regarding areas not covered by article 10 of the Treaty of Utrecht of 13 July 1713, concluded between the Crowns of Spain and of the United Kingdom.

Türkiye Declaration made upon ratification:        The Republic of Turkey, on the basis of “equity, common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities” as clearly and accurately recognized under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 9 May 1992 and the Paris Agreement, and by recalling decisions 26/CP.7, 1/CP.16, 2/CP.17, 1/CP.18 and 21/CP.20 adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, declares that Turkey will implement the Paris Agreement as a developing country and in the scope of her nationally determined contribution statements, provided that the Agreement and its mechanisms do not prejudice her right to economic and social development.

Tuvalu Declaration:        “The Government of Tuvalu hereby notifies that it will apply the Paris Agreement provisionally as provided for in paragraph 4 of Decision 1/CP.21.        […]        The Government of Tuvalu further declares its understanding that acceptance of the aforesaid Paris Agreement and its provisional application shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and that no provision in the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to the impacts of climate change.        The Government of Tuvalu further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emissions reduction obligations in the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent a global temperature stabilisation level at or above 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels and as a consequence, such emissions will have severe implications for our national interests.”

Vanuatu Declaration:        “WHEREAS the Government of the Republic of Vanuatu declares its understanding that ratification of the Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under any other laws, including international law, and the communication depositing the Republic’s instrument of ratification shall include a declaration to this effect for international record;        FURTHERMORE, that the Government of the Republic of Vanuatu declares that, in light of best scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emission reduction obligations in Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol, the Doha Amendment and the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent global temperature increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-Industrial levels and as a consequence, will have severe implications for our national interests…”