الايام نيوز
الايام نيوز

معاهدة الحظر الشامل للتجارب النووية

الركن القانونىعالمية
بواسطة الايام نيوز
اتفاقية الحد الأعلى للوزن، 1967 (رقم 127)
اتفاقية الحد الأعلى للوزن، 1967 (رقم 127)

معاهدة الحظر الشامل للتجارب النووية

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty

معاهدة الحظر الشامل للتجارب النووية
معاهدة الحظر الشامل للتجارب النووية

لم تدخل حيز التنفيذ بعد

[انظر المادة الرابعة عشرة].

ستدخل هذه المعاهدة حيز التنفيذ بعد 180 يومًا من تاريخ إيداع وثائق التصديق من قبل

جميع الدول المدرجة في المرفق 2 لهذه المعاهدة (أي: الجزائر ، الأرجنتين ، أستراليا ،

النمسا ، بنغلاديش ، بلجيكا ، البرازيل ، بلغاريا ، كندا ، شيلي ، الصين ، كولومبيا ،

جمهورية كوريا الشعبية الديمقراطية ، مصر ، فنلندا ، فرنسا ، ألمانيا ، المجر ، الهند ،

إندونيسيا ، إيران (جمهورية – الإسلامية) ، إسرائيل ، إيطاليا ، اليابان ، المكسيك ، هولندا

، النرويج ، باكستان ، بيرو ، بولندا ، جمهورية كوريا ، رومانيا ، الاتحاد الروسي ، سلوفاكيا ،

جنوب أفريقيا ، إسبانيا ، السويد ، سويسرا ، تركيا ، أوكرانيا ، المملكة المتحدة لبريطانيا العظمى

وأيرلندا الشمالية ، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية ، فييت نام وزائير) ، ولكن لا أكثر من عامين بعد فتحها للتوقيع.

2 – إذا لم تدخل هذه المعاهدة حيز التنفيذ بعد ثلاث سنوات من تاريخ الذكرى السنوية لفتح

باب التوقيع عليها ، يدعو الوديع إلى عقد مؤتمر للدول التي أودعت بالفعل صكوك تصديقها

بناءً على طلب أغلبية تلك الدول. . يدرس ذلك المؤتمر مدى استيفاء الشرط المنصوص عليه

في الفقرة 1 ، وينظر ويقرر بتوافق الآراء ما هو التدبير المتسق مع القانون الدولي الذي

يمكن أن ييسر بدء نفاذ هذه المعاهدة في وقت مبكر.

3. ما لم يقرر المؤتمر المشار إليه في الفقرة 2 أو مؤتمرات أخرى من هذا القبيل خلاف ذلك ،

المزيد من المشاركات

وزير العدل يوقع على إتفاقية تعاون فني بين السودان…

*مذبحة قرية ود النورة في ضوء مبادئ القانون الدولي…

تصارع الأخلاق في مسرح عمليات الدعم السريع تشكل…

تتكرر هذه العملية في الذكرى السنوية اللاحقة لفتح باب التوقيع على هذه المعاهدة ،

حتى دخولها حيز النفاذ. 4. تُدعى جميع الدول الموقعة لحضور المؤتمر المشار إليه في الفقرة 2

وأي مؤتمرات لاحقة على النحو المشار إليه في الفقرة 3 ، بصفة مراقب.

5. بالنسبة للدول التي تودع وثائق تصديقها أو انضمامها بعد دخول هذه المعاهدة حيز التنفيذ ،

فإنها تدخل حيز التنفيذ في اليوم الثلاثين الذي يلي تاريخ إيداع وثائق التصديق أو الانضمام الخاصة بها. “.
حالة :
الموقعون: 186 الأطراف: 177

ملحوظة :


اعتمدت الجمعية العامة ، في دورتها الخمسين ، في 10 أيلول / سبتمبر 1996

بموجب القرار A / RES / 50/245 ، معاهدة الحظر الشامل للتجارب النووية

على النحو الوارد في الوثيقة A / 50/1027. وفي القرار نفسه ، طلبت الجمعية العامة

إلى الأمين العام ، بصفته الوديع للمعاهدة ، أن يفتح باب التوقيع عليها في مقر الأمم المتحدة

بنيويورك في أقرب وقت ممكن. فُتح باب التوقيع على المعاهدة في 24 أيلول / سبتمبر 1996

وستظل مفتوحة للتوقيع حتى دخولها حيز التنفيذ ، وفقا للمادة الحادية عشرة.

ParticipantSignature, Succession to signature(d)Succession(d), Ratification
Afghanistan24 Sep 200324 Sep 2003
Albania27 Sep 199623 Apr 2003
Algeria15 Oct 199611 Jul 2003
Andorra24 Sep 199612 Jul 2006
Angola27 Sep 199620 Mar 2015
Antigua and Barbuda16 Apr 199711 Jan 2006
Argentina24 Sep 1996 4 Dec 1998
Armenia 1 Oct 199612 Jul 2006
Australia24 Sep 1996 9 Jul 1998
Austria24 Sep 199613 Mar 1998
Azerbaijan28 Jul 1997 2 Feb 1999
Bahamas 4 Feb 200530 Nov 2007
Bahrain24 Sep 199612 Apr 2004
Bangladesh24 Oct 1996 8 Mar 2000
Barbados14 Jan 200814 Jan 2008
Belarus24 Sep 199613 Sep 2000
Belgium24 Sep 199629 Jun 1999
Belize14 Nov 200126 Mar 2004
Benin27 Sep 1996 6 Mar 2001
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)24 Sep 1996 4 Oct 1999
Bosnia and Herzegovina24 Sep 199626 Oct 2006
Botswana16 Sep 200228 Oct 2002
Brazil24 Sep 199624 Jul 1998
Brunei Darussalam22 Jan 199710 Jan 2013
Bulgaria24 Sep 199629 Sep 1999
Burkina Faso27 Sep 199617 Apr 2002
Burundi24 Sep 199624 Sep 2008
Cabo Verde 1 Oct 1996 1 Mar 2006
Cambodia26 Sep 199610 Nov 2000
Cameroon16 Nov 2001 6 Feb 2006
Canada24 Sep 199618 Dec 1998
Central African Republic19 Dec 200126 May 2010
Chad 8 Oct 1996 8 Feb 2013
Chile24 Sep 199612 Jul 2000
China24 Sep 1996 
Colombia24 Sep 199629 Jan 2008
Comoros12 Dec 199619 Feb 2021
Congo11 Feb 1997 2 Sep 2014
Cook Islands 5 Dec 1997 6 Sep 2005
Costa Rica24 Sep 199625 Sep 2001
Côte d’Ivoire25 Sep 199611 Mar 2003
Croatia24 Sep 1996 2 Mar 2001
Cuba 4 Feb 2021 4 Feb 2021
Cyprus24 Sep 199618 Jul 2003
Czech Republic12 Nov 199611 Sep 1997
Democratic Republic of the Congo 4 Oct 199628 Sep 2004
Denmark24 Sep 199621 Dec 1998
Djibouti21 Oct 199615 Jul 2005
Dominica25 May 202230 Jun 2022
Dominican Republic 3 Oct 1996 4 Sep 2007
Ecuador24 Sep 199612 Nov 2001
Egypt14 Oct 1996 
El Salvador24 Sep 199611 Sep 1998
Equatorial Guinea 9 Oct 199621 Sep 2022
Eritrea11 Nov 200311 Nov 2003
Estonia20 Nov 199613 Aug 1999
Eswatini24 Sep 199621 Sep 2016
Ethiopia25 Sep 1996 8 Aug 2006
Fiji24 Sep 199610 Oct 1996
Finland24 Sep 199615 Jan 1999
France24 Sep 1996 6 Apr 1998
Gabon 7 Oct 199620 Sep 2000
Gambia 9 Apr 200324 Mar 2022
Georgia24 Sep 199627 Sep 2002
Germany24 Sep 199620 Aug 1998
Ghana 3 Oct 199614 Jun 2011
Greece24 Sep 199621 Apr 1999
Grenada10 Oct 199619 Aug 1998
Guatemala20 Sep 199912 Jan 2012
Guinea 3 Oct 199622 Sep 2011
Guinea-Bissau11 Apr 199724 Sep 2013
Guyana 7 Sep 2000 7 Mar 2001
Haiti24 Sep 1996 1 Dec 2005
Holy See24 Sep 199618 Jul 2001
Honduras25 Sep 199630 Oct 2003
Hungary25 Sep 199613 Jul 1999
Iceland24 Sep 199626 Jun 2000
Indonesia24 Sep 1996 6 Feb 2012
Iran (Islamic Republic of)24 Sep 1996 
Iraq19 Aug 200826 Sep 2013
Ireland24 Sep 199615 Jul 1999
Israel25 Sep 1996 
Italy24 Sep 1996 1 Feb 1999
Jamaica11 Nov 199613 Nov 2001
Japan24 Sep 1996 8 Jul 1997
Jordan26 Sep 199625 Aug 1998
Kazakhstan30 Sep 199614 May 2002
Kenya14 Nov 199630 Nov 2000
Kiribati 7 Sep 2000 7 Sep 2000
Kuwait24 Sep 1996 6 May 2003
Kyrgyzstan 8 Oct 1996 2 Oct 2003
Lao People’s Democratic Republic30 Jul 1997 5 Oct 2000
Latvia24 Sep 199620 Nov 2001
Lebanon16 Sep 200521 Nov 2008
Lesotho30 Sep 199614 Sep 1999
Liberia 1 Oct 199617 Aug 2009
Libya13 Nov 2001 6 Jan 2004
Liechtenstein27 Sep 199621 Sep 2004
Lithuania 7 Oct 1996 7 Feb 2000
Luxembourg24 Sep 199626 May 1999
Madagascar 9 Oct 199615 Sep 2005
Malawi 9 Oct 199621 Nov 2008
Malaysia23 Jul 199817 Jan 2008
Maldives 1 Oct 1997 7 Sep 2000
Mali18 Feb 1997 4 Aug 1999
Malta24 Sep 199623 Jul 2001
Marshall Islands24 Sep 199628 Oct 2009
Mauritania24 Sep 199630 Apr 2003
Mexico24 Sep 1996 5 Oct 1999
Micronesia (Federated States of)24 Sep 199625 Jul 1997
Monaco 1 Oct 199618 Dec 1998
Mongolia 1 Oct 1996 8 Aug 1997
Montenegro 123 Oct 2006 d23 Oct 2006 d
Morocco24 Sep 199617 Apr 2000
Mozambique26 Sep 1996 4 Nov 2008
Myanmar25 Nov 199621 Sep 2016
Namibia24 Sep 199629 Jun 2001
Nauru 8 Sep 200012 Nov 2001
Nepal 8 Oct 1996 
Netherlands (Kingdom of the) 224 Sep 199623 Mar 1999
New Zealand27 Sep 199619 Mar 1999
Nicaragua24 Sep 1996 5 Dec 2000
Niger 3 Oct 1996 9 Sep 2002
Nigeria 8 Sep 200027 Sep 2001
Niue 9 Apr 2012 4 Mar 2014
North Macedonia29 Oct 199814 Mar 2000
Norway24 Sep 199615 Jul 1999
Oman23 Sep 199913 Jun 2003
Palau12 Aug 2003 1 Aug 2007
Panama24 Sep 199623 Mar 1999
Papua New Guinea25 Sep 1996 
Paraguay25 Sep 1996 4 Oct 2001
Peru25 Sep 199612 Nov 1997
Philippines24 Sep 199623 Feb 2001
Poland24 Sep 199625 May 1999
Portugal24 Sep 199626 Jun 2000
Qatar24 Sep 1996 3 Mar 1997
Republic of Korea24 Sep 199624 Sep 1999
Republic of Moldova24 Sep 199716 Jan 2007
Romania24 Sep 1996 5 Oct 1999
Russian Federation24 Sep 199630 Jun 2000
Rwanda30 Nov 200430 Nov 2004
Samoa 9 Oct 199627 Sep 2002
San Marino 7 Oct 199612 Mar 2002
Sao Tome and Principe26 Sep 199622 Sep 2022
Senegal26 Sep 1996 9 Jun 1999
Serbia 8 Jun 200119 May 2004
Seychelles24 Sep 199613 Apr 2004
Sierra Leone 8 Sep 200017 Sep 2001
Singapore14 Jan 199910 Nov 2001
Slovakia30 Sep 1996 3 Mar 1998
Slovenia24 Sep 199631 Aug 1999
Solomon Islands 3 Oct 199620 Jan 2023
South Africa24 Sep 199630 Mar 1999
Spain24 Sep 199631 Jul 1998
Sri Lanka24 Oct 1996 
St. Kitts and Nevis23 Mar 200427 Apr 2005
St. Lucia 4 Oct 1996 5 Apr 2001
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2 Jul 200923 Sep 2009
Sudan10 Jun 200410 Jun 2004
Suriname14 Jan 1997 7 Feb 2006
Sweden24 Sep 1996 2 Dec 1998
Switzerland24 Sep 1996 1 Oct 1999
Tajikistan 7 Oct 199610 Jun 1998
Thailand12 Nov 199625 Sep 2018
Timor-Leste26 Sep 2008 1 Aug 2022
Togo 2 Oct 1996 2 Jul 2004
Trinidad and Tobago 8 Oct 200926 May 2010
Tunisia16 Oct 199623 Sep 2004
Türkiye24 Sep 199616 Feb 2000
Turkmenistan24 Sep 199620 Feb 1998
Tuvalu25 Sep 201831 Mar 2022
Uganda 7 Nov 199614 Mar 2001
Ukraine27 Sep 199623 Feb 2001
United Arab Emirates25 Sep 199618 Sep 2000
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland24 Sep 1996 6 Apr 1998
United Republic of Tanzania30 Sep 200430 Sep 2004
United States of America24 Sep 1996 
Uruguay24 Sep 199621 Sep 2001
Uzbekistan 3 Oct 199629 May 1997
Vanuatu24 Sep 199616 Sep 2005
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 3 Oct 199613 May 2002
Viet Nam24 Sep 199610 Mar 2006
Yemen30 Sep 1996 
Zambia 3 Dec 199623 Feb 2006
Zimbabwe13 Oct 199913 Feb 2019

Declarations and Reservations

(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations were made upon ratification or succession.)

China Declarations made upon signature:
       1. China has all along stood for the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons and the realization of a nuclear-weapon-free world. It is in favor of a comprehensive ban on nuclear weapon test explosions in the process towards this objective. China is deeply convinced that the CTBT will facilitate nuclear disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation. Therefore, China supports the conclusion, through negotiation, of a fair, reasonable and verifiable treaty with universal adherence and unlimited duration and is ready to take active measures to promote its ratification and entry into force.
       2. Meanwhile, the Chinese Government solemnly makes the following appeals:
       (1) Major nuclear weapon states should abandon their policy of nuclear deterrence. States with huge nuclear arsenals should continue to drastically reduce their nuclear stockpiles.
       (2) All countries that have deployed nuclear weapons on foreign soil should withdraw all of them to their own land. All nuclear weapon states should undertake not to be the first to use nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances, commit themselves unconditionally to the non-use or threat of use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon states or nuclear weapon-free zones, and conclude, at an early date, international legal instruments to this effect.
       (3) All nuclear weapon states should pledge their support to proposals for the establishment of nuclear weapon-free zones, respect their status as such and undertake corresponding obligations.
       (4) No country should develop or deploy space weapon systems or missile defence systems undermining strategic security and stability.
       (5) An international convention on the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons should be concluded through negotiations.
       3. The Chinese Government endorses the application of verification measures consistent with the provisions of the CTBT to ensure its faithful implementation and at the same time it firmly opposes the abuse of verification rights by any country, including the use of espionage or human intelligence, to infringe upon the sovereignty of China and impair its legitimate security interests in violation of universally recognized principles of international law.
       4 . In the present day world where huge nuclear arsenals and nuclear deterrence policy based on the first use of nuclear weapons still exist, the supreme national interests of China demand that it ensure the safety, reliability and effectiveness of its nuclear weapons before the goal of eliminating all nuclear weapons is achieved.
       5. The Chinese Government and people are ready to continue to work together with governments and peoples of other countries for an early realization of the lofty goal of the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons.

Colombia        Declaration:
       The Government of Colombia declares that the financial obligations arising from the present instrument shall not become payable until the Treaty has entered into force and shall not have retroactive effect.
Germany Declaration made upon signature:
       It is the understanding of the German Government that nothing in this Treaty shall ever be interpreted or applied in such a way as to prejudice or prevent research into and development of controlled thermonuclear fusion and its economic use.

Guatemala Declaration:
       The Government of Guatemala declares that the financial obligations arising from the present Treaty will only become payable as from the date of entry into force of the Treaty and shall not have retroactive effect.
Holy See Declaration upon signature:
       “The Holy See is convinced that in the sphere of nuclear weapons, the banning of tests and of the further development of these weapons, disarmament and non-proliferation are closely linked and must be achieved as quickly as possible under effective international controls.
       Furthermore, the Holy See understands that these are steps towards a general and total disarmament which the international community as a whole should accomplish without delay.”
Declaration upon ratification:
       “The Holy See, in ratifying the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 September 1996 and signed by the Holy See on 24 September of the same year, wishes to repeat what was said when it added its signature: “The Holy See is convinced that in the sphere of nuclear weapons, the banning of tests and of the further development of these weapons, disarmament and non-proliferation are closely linked and must be achieved as quickly as possible under effective international controls”.
       In conformity with the nature and particular condition of Vatican City State, the Holy See, by this ratification, seeks to advance the genuine promotion of a culture of peace based upon the primacy of law and of respect for human life.  At the beginning of the third millennium, the implementation of a system of comprehensive and complete disarmament, capable of fostering a climate of trust, cooperation and respect between all States, represents an indispensable aspect of the concrete realization of a culture of life and peace.
       In lending moral support to the CTBT through this solemn act of ratification, the Holy See encourages the whole International Community, which is aware of the various challenges standing in the way of nuclear disarmament, to intensify its efforts to ensure the implementation of the said Treaty.”

Iran (Islamic Republic of) 3 Declarations upon signature:
       “1. The Islamic Republic of Iran considers that the Treaty does not meet nuclear disarmament criteria as originally intended. We had not perceived a CTBT only as non-proliferation instrument. The Treaty must have terminated fully and comprehensive further development of nuclear weapons. However, the Treaty bans explosions, thus limiting such development only in certain aspects, while leaving others avenues wide open. We see no other way for the CTBT to be meaningful, however, unless it is considered as a step towards a phased program for nuclear disarmament with specific time frames through negotiations on a consecutive series of subsequent treaties.
       2. On National Technical Means, based on the deliberation that took place on the issues in the relevant Ad Hoc Committee of the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, we interpret the text as according a complementary role to them and reiterate that they should be phased out with further development of the International Monitoring System. National Technical Means should not be interpreted to include information received from espionage and human intelligence.
       3. The inclusion of Israel in the MESA grouping constitutes a politically-motivated aberration from UN practice and is thus objectionable. We express our strong reservation on the matter and believe that it will impede the implementation of the Treaty, as the confrontation of the States in this regional group would make it tremendously difficult for the Executive Council to form. The Conference of the States Parties would eventually be compelled to find a way to redress this problem.”

Lebanon 3 October 2005
Declaration:
       “We express our reservation on the inclusion of Israel in MESA grouping, which constitutes an aberration from UN practice and it will impede the implementation of the treaty.
       We believe strongly that the confrontation of the states in this regional group would make it tremendously difficult to form the Executive Council.  The Conference of the States Parties would be compelled to find a way to redress this problem.”
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